The Family has some members with leaves or leaf arrangements that are (or Have):

Passages in quotes are taken from _Plant Identification Terminology_ by James G. Harris & Melinda Woolf Harris.  

auriculate

The leaves have "small, ear-shaped appendages." (Harris & Harris)  

Parnassiaceae (Parnassia fimbriata)

basal, only

Alliaceae (Allium textile), Amaryllidaceae (Narcissus pseudonarcissus), Ericaceae (Moneses uniflora), Hypoxidaceae (Hypoxis hirsuta), 
Liliaceae (Clintonia uniflora), Orchidaceae (Goodyera longifolia), Polygonaceae (Eriogonum inflatum),
​Primulaceae (Dodecatheon pulchellum)

Bipinnate

Twice pinnate

Apiaceae (Musineon divaricatum)

compound, palmately

The leaf reminds one of a hand with all of the fingers spread apart.    

Fabaceae-2 (Lupinus ammophilus), Hydrophyllaceae (Hydrophyllum capitatum var. capitatum), 
Rosaceae-2 (Potentilla concinna), Sapindaceae (Aesculus hippocastanum)

compound, pinnately

There are matching leaflets on each side of the axis.

Fabaceae-1 (Acacia rigidula), Fabaceae-2 (Lathyrus lanszwertii var. laetivirens), Polemoniaceae (Polemonium foliosissimum), 
Rosaceae-1 (Drymocallis arguta), Rosaceae-2 (Potentilla anserina), Zygophyllaceae (Kalistroemia hirsutissima)

Compound, ternately -- (Trifoliate)

The leaf reminds one of a hand with the three central fingers spread apart.  

Anacardiaceae (Toxicodendron rydbergii), Fabaceae-2 (Trifolium pratense), Oxalidaceae (Oxalis oregana),
Ranunculaceae (Thalictrum occidentale), Rosaceae-1 (Fragaria vesca),  Trilliaceae (Trillium luteum)

Cordate

Cordate leaves are heart-shaped.

Brassicaceae-1 (Cardamine cordifolia), Asteraceae 3.1 (Arnica cordifolia), Ranunculaceae (Caltha leptosepala)

decussate

Decussate leaves are opposite and adjacent pairs of leaves are at right angles with one another.  

Apocynaceae (Asclepias speciosa), Lamiaceae (Monarda fistulosa), Onagraceae (Epilobium hirsutum), Phrymaceae (Mimulus lewisii)

dentate

A dentate leaf is "toothed along the margin, the teeth directed outward rather than forward."  (Harris & Harris)  

Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum blattaria)

Distichous

The leaves are in two vertical rows on opposite sides of the stem.

Fabaceae-1 (Acacia rigidula), Polemoniaceae (Aliciella pinnatifida, Polemonium viscossimum), Rosaceae (Chamaebatiaria millefolium, Potentilla anserina), Ruscaceae (Maianthemum racemosum ssp. amplexicaule), Simaroubaceae (Ailanthus altissima), Zygophyllaceae (Tribulus terrestris)

entire margins

An entire leaf margin is "not toothed, notched, or divided."  (Harris & Harris) 

Iridaceae (Iris missouriensis), Typhaceae (Typha angustifolia)

fascicled

Leaves that are bundled or clustered. 

Pinaceae (Pinus aristata)

fleshy

Crassulaceae (Rhodiola integrifolia), Liliaceae (Clintonia uniflora), Montiaceae (Lewisia pygmea)

HASTATE

Arrowhead-shaped leaves with the basal lobes turned outwards.

Violaceae (Viola hastata)

lEATHERY

Ericaceae (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)

linear

Agavaceae (Leucocrinum montanum), Fabaceae-1 (Astragalus australis), Hypoxidaceae (Hypoxis hirsuta), Typhaceae (Typha angustifolia)

lobed, palmately

Asteraceae-4 (Ambrosia trifida), Cucurbitaceae (Echinocystis lobata), Geraniaceae (Geranium caespitosum),  
Grossulariaceae (Ribes aureum), Rannunculaceae (Aconitum columbianum), Rosaceae-2 (Physocarpus monogynus)

lobed, pinnately

Asteraceae 4 (Cirsium arvense), Hydrophyllaceae (Phacelia crenulata), Loasaceae (Mentzelia albicaulis)

lyrate

A lyrate leaf has an enlarged terminal lobe (which reminds one of a lyre)  and small lobes at its base. 

Asteraceae 3.1 (Berlandiera lyrata),  Asteraceae-3 (Packera plattensis), Brassicaceae-1 (Barbarea orthoceras), Brassicaceae-2 (Sinapis arvensis), Onagraceae (Chylisma claviformis ssp. claviformis)

needle-like

Cactaceae (Cylindropuntia echinocarpa), Cupressaceae (Juniperus communis), Asteraceae 3.4 (Thymophylla pentachaeta), Caryophyllaceae (Eremogone hookeri),Ericaceae (Phyllodoce breweri), Pinaceae (Picea engelmannii), Plantaginaceae (Penstemon larcifolius ssp. exilifolius), Polemoniaceae (Phlox andicola)

Peltate

A peltate leaf is shield shaped and the stem of the leaf is attached to the middle of the lower surface. 

Araceae (Lemna minor), Berberidaceae (Podophyllum peltatum), Nymphaeaceae (Nuphar polysepala)

perfoliate

A perfoliate leaf completely surrounds the stem.  

Brassicaceae-2 (Lepidium perfoliatum), Caprifoliaceae (Lonicera albiflora), Colchicaceae (Uvularia grandiflora), 
​Montiaceaee (Claytonia rubra), Plantaginaceae (Penstemon palmeri)

Petioled

A petiole is a leaf stalk.

Cannabaceae (Humulus lupulus), Cleomaceae (Polanisia dodecandra ssp. trachysperma)

Pinnate

A pinnate leaf arrangement has "leaflets arranged on opposite sides of an elongated axis."  (Harris & Harris)  

Zygophyllaceae (Tribulus terrestris)

rosettes

A rosette is "a dense radiating cluster of leaves usually at or near ground level." (Harris & Harris)  

Agavaceae (Agave havardiana), Brassicaceae (Arabis pycnocarpa), Loasaceae (Mentzelia albicaulis), Saxifragaceae (Micranthes rhomboidea)

Sagittate

The leaves are "arrow-head shaped with the basal lobes pointed downward."  (Harris & Harris)

Alismataceae (Sagittaria cuneata)

Scale-like (Vestigial)

Ephedraceae (Ephedra viridis), Equisetaceae (Equisetum arvense)

serrate

The edges of a serrated leaf look like the teeth on a saw.

Apiaceae (Angelica ampla), Asteraceae-3.4 (Senecio triangulais), Lamiaceae (Agastache urticifolia), Plantaginaceae (Besseya alpina), Rosaceae (Agrimonia striata)

sheathing

Apiaceae (Angelica grayi), Orchidaceae (Cypripedium parviflorum)

simple

A simple leaf blade "is not separated into leaflets (though the blade may be deeply lobed or cleft."  (Harris & Harris)  

Asteraceae-1 (Agoseris auriantaca)

spines

Agavaceae (Yucca baccata), Berberidaceae (Mahonia repens)

Spiraled

Pinaceae (Pinus pungens)

spoon-shaped (Spatulate)

Polygonaceae (Eriogonum alatum, caespitosum), Portulacaceae (Portulaca), Violaceae (Viola bicolor)

spots, red

Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia dentata)

stinging

Euphorbiaceae (Tragia ramosa), Urticaceae (Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis)

Stipulate

A stipule is "one of a pair of leaf-like appendages found at the base of the petiole in some leaves."  (Harris & Harris)

Rosaceae-1 (Geum macrophyllum)

succulent

A succulent leaf is thick and fleshy.

Agavaceae (Agave havardiana), Aizoaceae (Carpobrotus chilensis), Crassulaceae (Sedum obtusatum), Nyctaginaceae (Abronia latifolia)

sword-shaped

Agavaceae (Yucca glauca), Iridaceae (Iris missouriensis)

Thread-like

Apiaceae (Musineon tenuifolium), Asteraceae 3.4 (Senecio flaccidus), Asteraceae-4 (Hymenopappus fiifolius)

veined, palmately

Brassicaceae-1 (Cardamine cordifolia), Grossulariaceae (Ribes cereum), Malvaceae (Malva neglecta), Saxifragaceae (Pectiantia pentandra)

veined, parallel

Cornaceae (Cornus canadensis), Liliaceae (Streptopus amplexifolius), Orobanchaceae (Castilleja occidentalis), 
Plantaginaceae (Plantago lanceolata),  Ruscaceae (Maianthemum racemosum ssp. amplexicaule)

veined, pinnately

Boraginaceae (Mertensia ciliata), Cornaceae (Cornus alba var. alba), Primulaceae (Lysmachia latifolia), Sapindaceae (Acer negundo)

villous

A villous leaf has long, soft hairs.

Convolvulaceae (Evolvulus nuttallianus)

whorled (verticillate)

Cornaceae (Cornus canadensis), Equisetaceae (Equisetum arvense), Gentianaceae (Frasera speciosa), 
​Polemoniaceae (Polemonium viscosum), Rubiaceae (Gallium aparine), Trilliaceae (Trillium stramineum)

wrinkled

Lamiaceae (Stachys coccinea)