Family has individual flowers with specified parts or characteristics  

​Passages in quotes are taken from _Plant Identification Terminology_ by James G. Harris & Melinda Woolf Harris.  
bracts, dimorphic involucre
There are two types of bracts.

Asteraceae 3.4 (Thelesperma megapotamicum)
Bracts, monomorhic involucre
Asteraceae 3.1 (Arnica chamissonis)
calyces, connate
"Calyx" refers to all of the sepals.  Connate calyces have fused sepals.

​Caryophyllaceae (Silene latifolia)
Calyces, 5-lobed
Phrymaceae (Mimulus guttatus)
Corollas, Bilabiate
The petals that make up the corolla have two lips.
Campanulaceae (Downingia bacigalupi), Fabaceae 2 (Lotus corniculata), Lamiaceae (Hedeoma drummondii), Lamium amplexicaule, Scuttellaria brittonii), Lentibulariaceae (Utricularia macrorhiza), Martyniaceae (Proboscidea parviflora), Orchidaceae (Calypso bulbosa),
Phrymaceae (Mimulus guttatus) 
corollas, campanulate
The corolla is shaped like a bell.  
Boraginaceae (Mertensia alpina), Campanulaceae (Campanula rotundifolia), Colchicaceae (Uvularia grandiflora),
Iridaceae (Olsynium douglasii), Liliaceae (Fritillaria pudicus), Ranunculaceae (Clematis hirsutissima)
corollas, cylindrical
Gentianaceae (Gentiana algida), Grossulariaceae (Ribes cereum), Phrymaceae (Mimulus moschatus), 
​Sapindaceae (Aesculus pavia), Solanaceae (Nicotiana glauca)
Corollas, funnelform
The corolla has the shape of a funnel.
Bignoniaceae (Chilopsis linearis, Tecoma stans),  Martyniaceae (Proboscidea parviflora), Phrymaceae (Mimulus guttatus), 
​Solanaceae (Datura wrightii, Nicotiana glauca)
corollas, rotate
The petals are wheel-shaped, at right angles to the stem, and are fused.
Gentianaceae (Frasera paniculata), Solanaceae (Chamaesaracha coniodes, Lycium andersonii, Quincula lobata,
Nicotiana obtusifolia, Solanum physalifolium)
corollas, salverform
Salverform corollas have narrow tubes and abruptly flattened petals. 
Boraginaceae (Lithospermum multiflorum), Convolvulaceae (Ipomoea leptophylla), Elaeagnaceae (Elaeagnus angustifolia),  Polemoniaceae (Ipomopsis aggregata), Solanaceae (Nicotiana attenuata)
corollas, urceolate
An urceolate corolla is shaped like an urn -- expanded in the middle and narrow at the top.  
Asparagaceae (Muscari neglectum), Ericaceae (Arbutus xalapensis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Gaultheria shallon, Menziesia ferruginea,
Vaccinium cespitsum), Euphorbiaceae (Jatropha dioica), Rosaceae (Geum triflorum var. triflorum)
Corona
A corona is a "petal-like or crown-like structures between the petals and stamens in some flowers."  (Harris & Harris)
Amaryllidaceae (Narcissus pseudonarcissus), Apocynaceae (Asclepias macrosperma)
Cyathium
​"The inflorescence in the genus Euphorbia, consisting of a cup-like involucre containing a single pistil and male flowers with a single stamen."  (Harris & Harris)
Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia albomarginata, Euphorbia brachyceras, ...)
Fornices
Fornices are small, arched scales at the base of the petals in some flowers.
Boraginaceae (Oreocarya humilis)
nodding flowers
Alliaceae (Allium cernuum), Asteraceae-4 (Brickellia grandiflora), Boraginaceae (Mertensia ciliata), Liliaceae (Erythronium americanum, Fritillaria pudica), Primulaceae (Dodecatheon pulchellum), Ranunculaceae (Aquilegia formosa),
ocreas
An ocrea is a sheath that surrounds the stem where a leaf meets the stem.  It is formed of stipules.
Apiaceae (Heracleum maximum), Polygonaceae (Persicaria lapathifolia)
Perianth
The perianth "is the calyx and corolla of a flower, especially when they are similar in appearance."
Iridaceae (Iris missouriensis)
0 Petals
Apetalous.
Amaranthaceae (Allenrolfea occidentalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex canescens, ...), Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia albomarginata, Euphorbia brachycera, Euphorbia esula, ...), Ranunculaceae (Anemone multifida, Clematis columbiana, Thalictrum occidentale),
Saururaceae (Anemopsis californica)
3 or 6 petals
Agavaceae (Hesperocallis undulata, Leucocrinum montanum), Alismataceae (Sagittaria cuneata), 
Commelinaceae (Tradescantia occidentalis), Liliaceae (Calochortus bruneaunis),
Melanthiaceae (Anticlea elegans), Trilliaceae (Trillium ovatum)
4  free (distinct) petals
Brassicaceae-1 (Cakile edentula), Cleomaceae (Peritoma serrulata), Cornaceae (Cornus alba var. alba),
Gentianaceae (Frasera paniculata), Hydrangeaceae (Fendlera rupicola), Oleaceae (Forsythia x intermedia), 
Onagraceae (Chamaenerion angustifolium), Papaveraceae (Eschscholzia californica), Plantaginaceae (Veronica americana), 
​Rubiaceae (Galium aparine)
4  united (Fused, sympetalous) petals
Gentianaceae (Comastoma tenellum, Gentianopsis thermalis), Polemoniaceae (Linanthus caespitosus)
5 Free (Distinct) petals
Apiaceae (Conium maculatum), Boraginaceae (Cryptantha crassisepala),  Caryophyllaceae (Cerastium arvense ssp.strictum), Crassulaceae (Sedum lanceolatum), Ericaceae (Chimaphila umbellata}, Geraniaceae (Geranium caespitosum) , Hypericaceae (Hypericum perforatum), Linaceae (Linum lewisii)  

5 united (fused, Sympetalous) petals
Apocynaceae (Apocynum androsaemifolium), Campanulaceae (Campanula rotundifolia), Caryophyllaceae (Ipomopsis aggregata), Convolvulaceae (Calystegia occidentalis), Grossulariaceae (Ribes inerme), Hydrophyllaceae (Nama demissum), Loasacae (Mentzelia albicaulis), Phrymaceae (Mimulus moschatus), Polemoniaceae (Collomia grandiflora),
Solanaceae (Chamaesaracha coniodes), Valerianaceae (Valeriana acutiloba), Verbenaceae (Verbena halei)
10 petals
Loasaceae (Mentzelia decapetala)  
petals, clawed
A clawed petal is narrowed at its base.
Hydrangeaceae (Fendlera rupicola), Malpighiaceae (Janusia gracilis), Saxifragaceae (Micranthes odontoloma)
petals, fringed
Gentianaceae (Gentianopsis thermalis), Parnassiaceae (Parnassia fimbriata)
petals, reflexed
Asteraceae 3.2 (Gaillardia pinnatifida),  Asteraceae 3.3 (Rudbeckia laciniata var. ampla), Liliaceae (Erythronium grandiflorum), Primulaceae (Dodecatheon pulchellum), Solanaceae (Solanum nigrum), Trilliaceae (Trillium catesbaei)
petals, thread-like
Saxifragaceae (Mitella stauropetala)
Petals with prominent lines
Caryophyllaceae (Cerastium arvense ssp. strictum), Iridaceae (Sisyrinchium montanum var. montanum),
Parnassiaceae (Parnassia fimbriata), Violaceae (Viola bicolor)
Petals with spots (Black)
Liliaceae (Lilium philadelphicum)
Petals with spots (Purple)
Gentianaceae (Frasera speciosa)
petals with  spots (red)
Malvaceae (Eremalche rotundifolia), Orchidaceae (Corallorhiza maculata), Phrymaceae (Mimulus guttatus),
Saxifragaceae (Saxifraga austromontana)
petals with spots (yellow)
Campanulaceae (Downingia bacigalupii), Saxifragaceae (Micranthes odontoloma)
petals with spots (white)
Caryophyllaceae (Dianthus armeria)
phyllaries
Asteraceae involucre bracts.
Asteraceae 3.1 (Arnica chamissonis)
Sepals, pilose
Sepals are parts of the calyx.  Pilose sepals are covered with long hairs.
Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus repens)
slipper-shaped
Orchidaceae (Cypripedium parviflorum)
Spadix
A spadix is a "spike with small flowers crowded on a thickened axis."  (Harris & Harris)  
Araceae (Arisaema triphyllum, Lysichiton americanus)  
spathe
A spathe is "a large bract or pair of bracts subtending and often enclosing an inflorescescence."  (Harris & Harris)
​Araceae (Arisaema triphyllum)
spurs
A spur is "a hollow, slender, sac-like appendage of a petal or sepal, or of the calyx or corolla."  (Harris & Harris)
Balsaminaceae (Impatiens capensis), Fumariaceae (Corydalis aurea), Ranunculaceae (Aquilegia elegantula, Delphinium nuttallianum)
6 tepals
A tepal is "a segment of a perianth that is not differentiated into calyx and corolla."   (Harris & Harris)
Agavaceae (Leucocrinum montanum), Alliaceae (Allium macropetalum), Amaryllidaceae (Nothoscordum bivalve), 
​Hypoxidaceae (Hypoxis hirsuta), Melanthiaceae (Anticlea elegans), Iridaceae (Sisyrinchium montanum var. montanum)